Malawi : Urujijo ku kibazo cy’impunzi ziba muri icyo gihugu.

Malawi ni igihugu giherereye muri Africa y’ amanjyepho kiyobowe na perezida Lazarus Chakwera wagiye ku butegetsi ahagarariye ishyaka MCP n’ impuzamashyaka Tonse Alliance  ndetse akaba yaragiyeho habanje gusubirwamo amatora kuko ayambere yari yagaragajweko yajemo uburiganya.  Ni kimwe mu bihugu biza imbere muri Afrika no Ku isi mu kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ibi bigaragarira mu burenganzira bwo kuba abaturage bashobora gukuraho umuyobozi badashaka bagashyiraho uwo babona ubakwiriye kandi bakunze.  

Kuba Malawi ari igihugu cyubahihiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse gitanga ubwisanzure ku mibereho y, abaturage bayo  bituma benshi mubanyamahanga bata ibihugu byabo bakanjya gukorera mugihugu cya Malawi. ibi kandi binatuma impunzi ziturutse mubihugu bitandukanye cyane cyane mu bihugu by’ Africa y’ uburasirazuba bikunze kurangwa n’ intambara no guhungabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu bahungira mugihugu cya Malawi kuko ariho baba bizeye ko bashobora kubona umutekano n’ ituze. Raporo z’ imiryango mpuzamahanga igaragaza ko Malawi ihagaze neza mu bijyanye no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu. Muri icyo gihugu hari inkambi y impunzi  ya Dzaleka. Iyi nkamboi yari igenewe kwakira impunzi ibihumbi 10 gusa kuri ubu ibarizwamo abarenga ibihumbi 40. Uku kwikuba kenshi byatumye inkambi iba nto cyane, zimwe mu mpunzi zihitamo kujya kuba mu bindi bice bitandukanye bya Malawi mu rwego rwo gushakisha ubuzima. Zimwe muri izi mpunzi zihamaze imyaka irenga 20, zubatse amazu, zashyingiranye n abaturage b’ iki gihugu ndetse zifite n’ ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye by’ iterambere.

UBUZIMA BW’ IMPUNZI ZIBA HANZE Y’INKAMBI BWIFASHE GUTE?

Nubwo igihugu cya Malawi kiri mubihugu biza ku isonga mukubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu,  ni igihugu kigaragaza intege nkeya cyane mukubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ impunzi zirenga ibihumbi 40 zibarizwa muri icyo gihugu .

Intandaro yiryo hungabana ry, uburenganzira bwa muntu ku mpunzi ziri muri icyo gihugu, ni i itegeko rigenga impunzi muri icyo gihugu  aho ribuza impunzi kugira igikorwa cy’ iterambere zikora ndetse iryo tegeko rikaba risaba impunzi kuba munkambi. Inshuro nyinshi cyane hasabwe ko iri tegeko rwavugururwa ariko umushinga waryo watambamiwe kenshi n’ abantu bamwe na bamwe ku nyungu zabo bwite ndetse byatumye uburenganzira bw’ impunzi bukomeza kuhazaharira. 

BIMWE MUBIKORWA BIKORWA MUGUHUNGABANYA IMPUNZI

Hagendewe kukuba abaturage ba Malawi baziko itegeko  rigenga impunzi  rizisaba kuba munkambi ya Dzaleka ( idafite ubushobozi bwo kuzakira ) abaturage babyuririraho bagahungabanya uburenganzira bw’ impunzi muri icyo gihugu harimo gufata impunzi nk’ izidafite agaciro ,kubambura mudukorwa baba bakora twa buri munsi , uwo ugurije akaba adashobora kukwishyura yitwaje ko uri maburundi ( izina bita impunzi muri icyo gihugu bagamije kuzitesha agaciro). Ibi bitizwa  umurindi na zimwe m unzego za Leta y’ icyo gihugu cyane cyane inzego zishinzwe abinjira n’ abasohoka(Immigration)n’ izindi nzego aho usanga buri gihe bamanuka mubice bigize icyo gihugu bagahiga nk’ abahiga inyamanswa impunzi zifite udukorwa zikora ngo zibashe kwibeshaho. Uburyo babirukaho  ugasanga umwana w’umusore arirukankana umusaza cg umucyecuru bamwe  bakahavunikira ndetse bamwe mubasaza barwaye indwara z’umutima bakaba bashobora kuhasiga ubuzima  kandi bamara gufatwa bagatwarwa bagafungwa bagacibwa amafaranga menshi atanjyanwa muri reta ubundi bakabarekura. Ibi rero bikaba bihita bifungurira inzira abaturage bamaze kumenya ko abo bantu atari nk’ abantu kuko babonye inzego z’ ubutegetsi bwabo zibahiga bunyamanswa ubwo abaturage nabo bakabiheraho,  uko umuturage wa Malawi abyutse agahohotera impunzi ntacyo yikanga kuko aba aziko ntankurikizi.

Ubu twandika iyi nkuru  hari inyandiko  y,asohotse ku itariki 1 zukwezi kwa 3 yanditswe mu izina rya Minisitere ishinzwe impunzi muri icyo gihugu  aho iyo nyandiko iha impunzi zituye muri icyo gihugu zifite udukorwa zikorera mu migi iminsi 14 ngo yokuba basubiye munkambi  bitaba ibyo bagasahurwa buri kimwe batunze ndetse bagasubizwayo kungufu.  ibi bikaba ari ibintu bigoye cyane kuko bamwe mu mpunzi bashakanye nabanyagihugu banabyaranye abandi bahafite ibikorwa bitashoboka ko umuntu yasiga miminsi 14 .

Minisitere ishinzwe impunzi ivuga iki kuri icyo kibazo ?

Munama yabaye ku itariki ya 29/3/2021 Ikabera mu nkambi ya Dzaleka  Ikinyamakuru Intambwe kikaba gifite copy y’imyanzuro yayo ,iyo nama ikaba yari ihuje abahagarariye impunzi barenga 18 ikaba yari iyobowe n’ umuyobozi w’ ibiro bishinzwe gushakira ibibazo by’ impunzi umuti muri Minisitere ishinzwe impunzi ari nawe wari uhagarariye Minisitere ishinzwe impunzi muri icyo gihugu ndetse yari kumwe n’ umuyobozi w’ inkambi.  Ingingo imwe gusa yaganirwagaho muri iyo nama byari ikibazo cy’ impunzi ziba hanze y’ inkambi. Uyu muyobozi yatangiye abaza abitabiriye inama niba bacyekako Ikibazo cyo gusubiza impunzi munkambi cyaba cyararangiye  mu kwisubiza icyo kibazo  uwo muyobozi yavuzeko icyo kibazo kigihari kuko hari bamwe mubanyagihugu bagurirwa na bamwe mubabifitemo inyungu bagahora bashyira igitutu kuri reta   ya Malawi bayisaba kwirukana impunzi mu migi bagashuka abaturage bamwe babereka ko abo bantu bimpunzi aribo batuma badatera Imbere  kuko babatwarira imirimo.  Uyu muyobozi wari uyoboye inama yavuzeko Minisiteri mushya adashyigikiye ibyemezo byo gutwara  impunzi munkambi cyaneko inkambi yuzuye kandi reta ya Malawi ikaba itarahagarika gahunda yo kwakira impunzi kugeza ubu. Ngo yasabye office ya CRRF gukomeza kubungabunga umutekano w’ impunzi ziri mumigi  avugako Minisitere ishyigikiye ko impunzi zakomeza kuba mumigi cyaneko Atari nazo banyamahanga bonyine bari muri icyo gihugu  yongeyeho  ko ariko bizaborohera kubacungira umutekano bazi aho baherereye ,icyo bakora ,uburyo bari muri icyo gihugu nibindi .abaha inama ko impunzi ziri Abantu zibonako umutekano wazo wanjya mukaga zakwimuka zikanjya ahegereye inzego z’ umutekano aho zabona ubutabazi muburyo bworoshye .

Abahagarariye impunzi muri iyo nama basabye ko itegeko rigenga impunzi umushinga wo kurivugurura wakwihutihwa kuko ariryo baheraho babahohotera uwo muyobozi avugako    uwo mushinga wo guhindura  Malawi Refugees act urimo gukorwaho ariyo mpamvu reta yemeye gahunda y’ iterambere ry’ impunzi ya CRRF  yavuzeko abagamije kuburabuza impunzi ari abantu bacye reta itabishyigikiye.

Inzego zitandukanye zivuga iki kuri icyo kibazo ?

Mu kiganiro kigufi Ikinyamakuru Intambwe cyagiranye na Prof Charles Kambanda Umunyamerika ufite inkomoko mu Rwanda ndetse  akaba umwarimu muri kaminuza muri america mu ishami ry’ amategeko akaba  afite n’ ihuriro rikomeye ryunganira abantu mu mategeko , twamubajije icyo abona cyakorwa mugihe uburenganzira bw’ ibanze bw’ impunzi bwakomeza guhungabana muri Malawi. Prof Kambanda avugako Malawi ari igihugu kiri mubihugu biri muri UN ndetse cyasinye amasezerano atandukanye arebana n’ uburenganzira bwa muntu avugako uburenganzira bwa muntu butareba abanyagihugu gusa ngo noneho ubw, impunzi cyangwa ubwabanyamahanga bari muri icyo gihugu buhonyorwe.

Yagize ati: nibyo ibyo bintu turabyumva ndetse turabikurikirana ndetse mugihe reta ya Malawi itagira icyo ibikoraho tubisabwe na bamwe mu mpunzi ziri muri icyo gihugu twiteguye  kurega reta ya Malawi murukiko nyafrika rw’ uburenganzira bwa muntu ibereye umuyobozi ndetse turimo guteganya gukorana n’amashyiramwe y’ uburenganzira bwa muntu dukorana  kugirango dutangire gukora ubukangurambaga bwo gusaba ibihugu bitera inkunga reta ya Malawi kuyihagarika mugihe cyose yakomeza guhungabanya uburenganzira bw’ impunzi.

Undi muyobozi ukora muri presidency ya Malawi wavuganye n’ Ikinyamakuru Intambwe ariko akadusaba kudatangaza amazina ye kuko atariwe ushinzwe kuvugira urwego akorera yavuzeko  ibyo bintu babyumva ndetse barimo kubikurikiranira hafi avugako atari Gahunda ya reta habe nagato gukumira abanyamahanga kuza gukorera mugihugu cyabo. Yagize ati ibyo bintu bitegurwa n’ abantu bari munzego za reta baba bagirango babone uko biba impunzi kandi turimo kubakurikirana buceceke kuburyo mugihe cya vuba bazerekwa itangazamakuru bafashwe. Ntabwo reta ya Malawi nk’ igihugu gifite ubucyerarugendo kifuza abashoramari benshi ko baza bagafungura ibikorwa abaturage bacu bakabona akazi imisoro ikinjira aritwe twasubira inyuma ngo tubuze umutekano abanyamahanga. Yagize ati uyu ni umushinga urimo abantu bashaka kwiba impunzi kuko ni ibintu bimaze imyaka myinshi bibaho ariko ntumenye aho birangirira. Ndakubwira ibi biraza guhagarara vuba nitumara gushyikiriza ubutabera ababihagarariye ndetse n’ ababyihishe inyuma bose. Yagize ati ni ubujiji ni n’ ubusazi kubwira umuntu ngo maburundi dore arimo kugukorera akazi. Ni babantu babanebwe banga kugira icyo bakora bakumva ibintu nkibyo ,uwo maburundi arakodesha inzu atuyemo umwana w,umunyagihugu akabasha kwishyura ishuri ,iyo shoop akoreramo arayikodesha n, umunyagihugu akinjiza amafaranga ,abo bantu batanga imisoro n ibindi. Umuntu utekerezako hari uwamutwaye akazi ni injiji kuko naho abo bantu bacuruza bagurirwa n’ abanyagihugu kuko baba babazaniye ibyo bacyeneye. Yagize ati nonese maburundi  tuvuge ko yafunguye ishoop  yanagiye mugihugu cye anjya kuzana abamugurira? Cyangwa aragurirwa n’ abanyagihugu kuko bamubonanye ibyo bacyeneye ? Uyu muyobozi yashoje asaba bamwe mubantu birirwa bashyize amaboko mumifuka gukura amaboko mumifuka bagakora bagashaka ibyo gukora byaba ngombwa bakegera abo banyamahanga bakabigisha uburyo bwo gukora bagatera imbere ababwirako utegereje kuzasahura iby’ umunyamahanga atarahindura umuco w’ubunebwe nubundi azabimara mucyumweru kimwe agacyenera ibindi.

Yanditse na Obed Ndahayo