Inzego Z ibanze Zikomeje Kurangwamo Ruswa Ikabije
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Umuryango urwanya ruswa n’Akarengane, Transparency International Rwanda (TI-RW), bwagaragaje ko mu 2020, ruswa mu nzego z’ibanze yikubye inshuro hafi ebyiri ugereranyije n’umwaka wabanje, bitewe ahanini n’ibihe bya COVID-19 aho inzego z’ibanze ari zo zirebwa ahanini n’iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza yo kwirinda.
Ni ubushakashatsi ngarukamwaka TI-RW ikora igamije kureba uko ruswa ihagaze mu Rwanda (Rwanda Bribery Index, RBI), ubwa 2020 ikaba yarabutangaje ku mugaragaro ku wa 28 Mutarama 2020, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu nzego z’ibanze ruswa yazamutse cyane, kuko yavuye ku kigero cya 2,51% mu 2019, igera kuri 4,90% mu 2020, bikaba byaratumye zigera ku mwanya wa gatanu mu nzego zirangwamo ruswa kurusha izindi.
N’ubwo inzego z’ibanze zaje ku mwanya wa gatanu nyuma y’izindi nka Polisi Ishami ryo mu muhanda, abikorera, RIB na WASAC; imibare yavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi yagaragaje ko ari zo zakiriye amafaranga menshi ya ruswa, kuko mu mafaranga ya ruswa yose yatanzwe umwaka ushize, 74,37% yakiriwe n’inzego z’ibanze.
Iyi raporo igaragaza ko mu 2020 hatanzwe amafaranga ya ruswa agera kuri 19.213.188 Frw, muri ayo agera kuri 14.288.500 Frw ahwanye na 74,37% yakiriwe n’inzego z’ibanze, akaba ari zo ziza ku isonga mu kwakira amafaranga menshi ya ruswa mu mwaka ushize wa 2020.
Ubwo yasobanuraga iby’ubu bushakashatsi kuri Radio 10, Umuyobozi wa TI-RW, Ingabire Marie Immaculée, yavuze ko impamvu y’izamuka rya ruswa mu nzego z’ibanze, ahanini byatewe n’uko mu bihe by’icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyageze mu Rwanda muri Werurwe 2020, inzego z’ibanze ari zo zari nyambere mu gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza, hakaba rero hari aho byatumye bamwe babyitwaza bakarya ruswa.
Yagize ati “Ubu gukingira ikibaba ububari bugafungura bwitwa restaurant kandi ari ububari, gukingira ikibaba amabutike muri quartier agakomeza akora kandi amasaha yo gufunga yageze, guha abantu impushya zo gukora iki n’iki cyangwa kujya aha n’aha, niho cyane cyane ubu yazamukiye.”
Yakomeje avuga ko abo bose, ari abahindura restaurant utubari, abakora amasaha yarenze, baba barahaye ruswa abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze bakaba babizi ariko bakabakingira ikibaba.
Gusa ngo hari n’ubwo baza “bagashobora kukwiyenzaho, utabaha akantu bakagufungira, kubera y’uko bagushinja ngo uracuruza inzoga, kandi wenda ari nta nazo cyangwa zinahari ariko abantu baza bakazigura bakazijyana batazinywereye aho”.
Uretse kandi ibyo bigendanye n’amabwiriza yo kwirinda COVID-19, mu nzego z’ibanze hakunze kugaragara ruswa cyane muri serivisi zitandukanye, cyane cyane mu gutanga ibyangombwa by’ubutaka, Girinka, n’ibindi.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko zimwe mu mpamvu abantu bagaragaje nk’izatumye batanga ruswa, ku isonga haza gushaka ko serivisi basabaga zihutishwa, hari kandi kuba bwari bwo buryo bwonyine bashobora kubonamo izo serivisi, gushaka kubona serivisi batemerewe n’amategeko, kwirinda kugirana ibibazo n’abayobozi ndetse no kudashaka kwishyura ikiguzi cyose cya serivisi.
Ikindi cyagaragajwe nk’imbogamizi muri ubu bushakashatsi gishobora gutuma na ruswa ikomeza kwiyongera, ni uko abantu badakunda gutanga amakuru kuri ruswa, kuko 88,1% ntibigeze batanga amakuru kuri ruswa, bavuye kuri 86,8% mu 2019.
Zimwe mu mpamvu zitangwa zituma abantu badakangukira gutanga amakuru kuri ruswa, harimo kumva bitari ngombwa, kwanga kwiteranya n’abayobozi, kutamenya aho batanga amakuru, cyangwa kumva ko abo baha amakuru nabo barya ruswa n’ibindi.
Ingabire yavuze ko kugira ngo iki kibazo cya ruswa ikomeza kuzamuka mu nzego zimwe na zimwe gikemuke, hakwiye gushyirwaho ingamba zo kutihanganira uwashyizwe mu majwi kubera ruswa.
Ati “Habayeho ikintu cyo gukurikirana imikorere y’abantu, niba umuntu umwe muri serivisi cyangwa se babiri abantu babashyira mu majwi, kuko biba byavuzwe, baranabikubwira ngo ni kanaka ugiye kureba? Urabe ufite akantu witwaje, noneho umukoresha we ntamukurikirane, erega no kuba binugwanugwa biba bihagije ngo umuvane muri uwo mwanya, wenda ntumwirukane ariko umuhe akandi kazi gatuma ntaho ahurira n’abaturage.”
Umuyobozi wa TI-RW kandi yavuze ko hakwiye kwimakazwa cyane uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga muri serivisi nyinshi zishoboka, kuko byagaragaye ko ahagiye hakoreshwa ikoranabuhanga abantu ntibahure cyane byatumye ruswa igabanuka, yongeye gusaba n’abaturage kwihutira gutanga amakuru mu gihe cyose basabwe ruswa, bakagira uruhare mu kuyirwanya kuko na yo ari icyorezo.